Analysis of Pulse Signals Based on Array Pulse Volume / 中国结合医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To collect and analyze multi-dimensional pulse diagram features with the array sensor of a pressure profile system (PPS) and study the characteristic parameters of the new multi-dimensional pulse diagram by pulse diagram analysis technology.@*METHODS@#The pulse signals at the Guan position of left wrist were acquired from 105 volunteers at the Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. We obtained the pulse data using an array sensor with 3×4 channels. Three dimensional pulse diagrams were constructed for the validated pulse data, and the array pulse volume (APV) parameter was computed by a linear interpolation algorithm. The APV differences among normal pulse (NP), wiry pulse (WP) and slippery pulse (SP) were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance. The coefficients of variation (CV) were calculated for WP, SP and NP.@*RESULTS@#The APV difference between WP and NP in the 105 volunteers was statistically significant (6.26±0.28 vs. 6.04±0.36, P=0.048), as well as the difference between WP and SP (6.26±0.28 vs. 6.07±0.46, P=0.049). However, no statistically significant difference was found between NP and SP (P=0.75). WP showed a similar CV (4.47%) to those of NP (5.96%) and SP (7.58%).@*CONCLUSION@#The new parameter APV could differentiate between NP or SP and WP. Accordingly, APV could be considered an useful parameter for the analysis of array pulse diagrams in Chinese medicine.

Study on the measurement of cardiac CT in patients with acute pulmonary embolism / 中华急诊医学杂志

Objective To measure and analyze cardiac ventricular sizes of acute pulmonary embolism patients,and compared with normal group,to investigate the morphological changes of heart in patients with acute pulmonary embolism.Methods 75 patients with acute pulmonary embolism were analyzed retrospectively and were divided into two groups according to the score of embolism index:more than or equal to 50％ (group c,33 cases) and less than 50％ (group b,42cases) and compared with normal group (group a,56 cases) to analyze the changes of cardiac ventricular transversal diameter(LR) and anteroposterior diameter (AP).Results The group c compared with group a and b,the right ventricular LR and AP,and the right atrium LR increased significantly (P＜0.05),the left ventricular LR decreased significantly (P＜0.05).The group b compared with the group a,the right ventricular LR and the right atrium AP increased significantly (P＜0.05),the left atrium LR decreased significantly (P＜0.05).The left atrial AP,group b was larger than that of group a and group c (P＜0.05).The left ventricular AP,there was no significant difference between the three groups.The atrial ratio (RA/LA) and the ventricle ratio (RV/LV)of the three groups were significantly different (P＜0.05).According to the product of two lines of the same heart cavity (RL × AP),compared with group a and b,the left atrium and ventricle of group c decreased (P＜0.05),the right atrium and ventricle enlarged (P＜0.05).Compared with group a,the left ventricular angle of group c decreased significantly (88.97±5.47 vs 97.91±7.66,P＜0.001),there was no significant difference between the group b and c (P＞0.05).After the treatment of acute pulmonary embolism,the right ventricular RL × AP is significantly reduced(4 209.57±844.63 vs 5 090.58±1312.69,P=-0.002),the ventricle ratio (RV/LV) is significantly reduced(0.80±0.13 vs 0.93±-0.19,P=0.003.Conclusions The size and shape of heart cavity varied with different pulmonary embolism index,and we can make preliminary observation and evaluate treatment efficacy by using chest CT scan.

Diagnosis and treatment technologies of traditional Chinese medicine: Application and prospect in context of artificial intelligence / 第二军医大学学报

The modernization of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) diagnosis and treatment technology relies on the development of modern science and technology. Based on the TCM theory of syndrome differentiation and treatment, supported by modern diagnostic technology of TCM, the data-based TCM diagnosis and treatment are informationized and intelligentized with the aid of artificial intelligence technology. Meanwhile, through the research on the diagnosis, treatment, and efficacy evaluation of TCM syndromes and disease, by combining the disease with TCM syndrome on diagnosis-treatment and by exchanging the data of TCM and western medicine, modern diagnostic technology and intelligent diagnosis-treatment system with the characteristics of TCM can be established, which can maximize the advantages of human-computer cooperation. Finally, an intelligent TCM diagnosis and treatment decision-making system with the connotation of syndrome differentiation is established to provide intelligent decision for TCM in clinic and to explore the innovative diagnosis-treatment mode of TCM diseases and syndromes. At the same time, the research of intelligent TCM diagnosis and treatment technology will also promote the rule of TCM diagnosis and treatment, accelerate the leap-forward development of TCM diagnosis and treatment technology, solve the main problems of the modernization of TCM diagnosis and treatment, and promote the modernization of TCM. In this paper, we summarized the current status and trends of the combination of TCM diagnosis and treatment and artificial intelligence technology.

Viral metagenomics analysis of poultry faeces in live poultry market, Haikou, China

Objective:To conduct in-depth study of the distribution and diversity of viruses in poultry is of great importance in monitoring the emergence of interspecies transmission of novel viruses that may cause epidemics with public health significance. Poultry is an economically important source of meat, eggs and feathers which plays an important role as natural reservoirs of many pathogenic viruses. Compared with wild animals, poultry have more frequent interactions and therefore opportunities to transmit their viruses to human.Methods:To study the viromes of different types of poultry in Hainan, China, we used metagenomics for deep viral nucleic acid sequencing of the faecal samples collected from chickens, ducks and pigeons from a live poultry market in Haikou.Result:The poultry viromes were identified by sequence similarity comparisons of viral reads (BLASTxE score, <5) against viral reference database. A total of 15 309 viral reads were obtained, approximately 13 063, 1 370 and 876 viral reads were generated from the chicken, duck, pigeon faecal samples, respectively. The majority of the sequences were homologous to the animal virus of Adenoviridae, Herpeaviridae, Picobirnaviridae, Reoviridae, Retroviridae, Circoviridae, Paramyxoviridae, Astroviridae, Caliciviridae, Coronaviridae, Picornaviridae, and Orthomyxoviridae. The VP4 and VP7 segments of a pigeon rotavirus, similar to fox rotavirus in group A, were sequenced and phylogenetically analyzed. The near full genome of a pigeon circovirus was also analyzed.Conclusion:The major types of poultry in a Haikou harbor many different families of viruses in their feces which may have the potential for interspecies transmissions. Further studies should be conducted to identify the most prevalent and important viruses among a larger number of poultry in Haikou and other areas in Hainan.

Complete genome sequence of a rodent torque teno virus in Hainan Island, China

Objective:Torque teno virus(TTV), are reported in a wide range of mammals. In this study, we sequenced and analyzed the complete genome of a genetic variant of Rodent TTV, RoTTV3-HMU1 (Hainan Medical University). The virus was harbored by a Rattus norvegicus in the residential areas of Hainan Island, China.Methods:Torque Teno virus (TTV) was found widely distributed throughout the world infecting an extensively wide range of mammals .We extracted the viral DNA from a Rattus norvegicus liver which was caught from the residential areas of Hainan Island. Purifying the amplicons in the range of 250-500 bp. Then Five hundred nanograms DNA was subjected to high-throughput sequencing. The contigs were compared with the NCBI nucleiotide database, designed the primers to cover the genome by PCR amplification and amplicons of each PCR which have been cloned and sequenced. Finally the genome was annotated by using NCBI ORF finder and FGENESV0. Phylogenetic analysis was implemented by the neighbor-joining method in the MEGA6 software package.Results:We sequenced the complete genome of a genetic variant of Rodent TTV, RoTTV3- HMU1. The genomic sequence of RoTTV3-HMU1 has been deposited in GenBank under accession number MF688246.1. The complete genome of RoTTV3-HMU1 is 2 570 nucleotides (nt) in length with a G+C content of 46.93%. RoTTV3-HMU1 encoded 3 unidirectional overlapping open reading frames (ORF). Sequence analysis indicated that the genome of RoTTV3-HMU1 virus was most closely related to RN_2_15 (GenBank accession no. KM668486.1). Phylogenetic analysis based on both ORF1 and the total genome sequence placed RoTTV3-HMU1 in to the clad RoTTV3 of the RoTTV.Conclusions:Hainan Island faces mainland across the sea, however, the same genotype of RoTTV was identified in both Hainan Island and the other part of China. The detection of RoTTV3-HMU1 contributed to a better understanding about the origin and evolution of RoTTV.

Occurrence and molecular characterization of Enterocytozoon bieneusi among long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis) in Hainan Province: High genetic diversity and zoonotic potential

Objective:Microsporidia have been rapidly emerging as pathogens in both immunocompromised and immunocompetent humans. Enterocytozoon bieneusi (E. bieneusi) is the most common microsporidial species found in human. E. bieneusi has also been found in a wide range of animals and is considered to be a potentially important zoonotic pathogen. The epidemiological and genetic characterization of E. bieneusi among long-tailed macaques [Macaca fascicularis (M. fascicularis) is not fully understood. Here, we conducted the first molecular epidemiological investigation of E. bieneusi among M. fascicularis in Hainan Province, the southernmost part of China.Methods:A total of 193 fecal specimens of M. fascicularis were collected from a breeding base housing non-human primates for experimental use in Hainan Province, China. E. bieneusi was identified and genotyped by nested PCR analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the rRNA gene. Phylogenetic analysis was performed by constructing a neighboring-joining tree of the ITS gene sequences using MEGA6.Results:A total of 59 (30.6%) of the M. fascicularis were PCR-positive for E. bieneusi. All 59 samples were sequenced successfully and 16 ITS genotypes were identified. These included nine known genotypes: Type IV (n=19), D (n=11), CM1 (n=8), PigEBITS7 (n=4), Pongo2 (n=4), Peru 8 (n=3), Peru11 (n=1), WL21 (n=1) and CM2 (n=1). Additionally, seven novel genotypes named as HNM-I to HNM-VII (one each) were identified. Importantly, genotypes D, Type IV, Peru8, PigEBITS7, and Peru11, which were the predominant (38/59, 64.4%) genotypes identified among M. fascicularis in this study, are also well-known human-pathogenic genotypes. All the genotypes of E. bieneusi identified in this study, including the seven novel ones, belonged to zoonotic group 1.Conclusions:This is the first report of the identification of E. bieneusi in M. fascicularis in Hainan Province, China. The findings of numerous known human-pathogenic types and seven novel genotypes (HNM-I to HNM-VII) of E. bieneusi all belong to zoonotic group 1 indicate the possibility of transmission of this important pathogenic parasite between M. fascicularis and humans.

Study and Application Overview of Spectroscopy Method in TCM Tongue Diagnosis / 中国中医药信息杂志

Tongue diagnosis is one of unique techniques of TCM diagnosis. Its subjective and empirical description of written words, spoken language and pictures have been used until now, however, which cannot express the complete information of tongue image comprehensively and objectively. The development of modern technology provides new ideas and methods for the study of tongue diagnosis in TCM. For example, the application of spectroscopy is of great significance for restoring tongue image information. This article briefly introduced the spectroscopy method, summarized its research and application in the field of TCM tongue diagnosis, and put forward the problems and prospects to provide references for further research.

Summary and prospect of medicinal plant active substances in regulation of p65 nuclear translocation / 中国中药杂志

As the most important nuclear transcription factors in the cells, NF-κB is involved in many intracellular signaling pathways and transcription and regulation of genetic information. The signal transduction pathways mainly include the activation of IκB kinase, degradation of IκB protein and the nuclear translocation of p65. p65 trans-nuclear binding with DNA is the key for NF-κB to play a role. Abnormal activation of NF-κB is a major factor in the induction of oxidative stress, inflammation, cancer and so on. Therefore, maintaining the balance of NF-κB activity and regulating the nuclear translocation of p65 have great significance for further research on related subjects. In this paper, the regulation effects of the main active substances of medicinal plants (such as polyphenols, saponins, and alkaloids) on p65 nuclear translocation and the upstream pathway of NF-κB were discussed, expecting to provide reference for the development of natural active substances for functional food.

Fast track surgery accelerates the recovery of postoperative insulin sensitivity / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Few clinical studies or randomized clinical trial results have reported the impact of fast track surgery on postoperative insulin sensitivity. This study aimed to investigate the effects of fast track surgery on postoperative insulin sensitivity in patients undergoing elective open colorectal resection.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Controlled, randomized clinical trial was conducted from November 2008 to January 2009 with one-month post-discharge follow-up. Seventy patients with colorectal carcinoma requiring colorectal resection were randomized into two groups: a fast track group (35 cases) and a conventional care group (35 cases). All included patients received elective open colorectal resection with combined tracheal intubation and general anesthesia. Clinical parameters (complication rates, return of gastrointestinal function and postoperative length of stay), stress index and insulin sensitivity were evaluated in both groups perioperatively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Sixty-two patients finally completed the study, 32 cases in the fast-track group and 30 cases in the conventional care group. Our findings revealed a significantly faster recovery of postoperative insulin sensitivity on postoperative day 7 in the fast-track group than that in the conventional care group. We also found a significantly shorter length of postoperative stay and a significantly faster return of gastrointestinal function in patients undergoing fast-track rehabilitation.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Fast track surgery accelerates the recovery of postoperative insulin sensitivity in elective surgery for colorectal carcinoma with a shorter length of postoperative hospital stay.</p>

Diagnosis value of 3.0 T diffusion-weighted imaging with background suppression magnetic resonance for metastatic lymph nodes in rectal cancer / 中华胃肠外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the diagnostic value of 3.0 T diffusion-weighted imaging with background suppression (DWIBS) magnetic resonance (MR) for lymph node metastasis in rectal cancer.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thirty-five patients with rectal cancer who underwent preoperative routine MRI+DWI examination were enrolled in the study and were treated by rectal cancer resection plus lymph node dissection. Metastatic and non-metastatic lymph nodes were confirmed by postoperative pathology. Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values, long-axis and short-axis diameters of lymph nodes were measured. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to assess the diagnostic efficacy of ADC, long-axis and short-axis diameters for differentiating metastatic lymph nodes from non-metastatic lymph nodes.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 151 lymph nodes were confirmed with exact location in 35 patients. Sixty-five metastatic lymph nodes and 86 non-metastatic lymph nodes were identified. The ADC values of metastatic lymph nodes and non-metastatic lymph nodes were(0.86±0.14)×10(-3) and (0.94±0.16)×10(-3) mm(2)/s respectively. The long-axis diameter were(9.78±3.13) and (7.90±1.77) mm, respectively. The short-axis diameter were (7.65±2.00) and (6.45±1.19) mm, respectively. There were statistically significant differences between metastatic and non-metastatic lymph nodes in ADC values, long-axis diameter, and short-axis diameter(all P<0.01). The areas under the ROC curve of ADC value, long-axis diameter, and short-axis diameter were 0.648, 0.706, and 0.692, respectively. Optimal cutoff values for these parameters were 1.05×10(-3) mm(2)/s, 7.95 mm, and 5.90 mm, respectively, and the corresponding sensitivities and specificities were 93.8% and 30.2%, 75.4% and 61.6%, 90.8% and 38.4%.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Quantitative measurement of ADC value may reflect the degree of diffusion restriction of metastatic lymph nodes by DWIBS at 3.0 T MR. Accurate diagnosis of metastatic lymph nodes in rectal cancer demands comprehensive evaluation combining ADC value with diameter measurement.</p>

Comparison of clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of mucinous and poorly differentiated gastric cancer / 中华胃肠外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the clinicopathological characteristics between mucinous gastric cancer (MGC) and poorly differentiated gastric cancer(PDGC) and factors associated with prognosis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Medical records of 1016 consecutive patients with gastric cancer were retrospectively reviewed. Sixty-eight patients with MGC and 508 with PDGC were identified. Clinicopathologic characteristics and overall survival data were analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>As compared to PDGC patients, patients with MGC were significantly older [(59.2±11.9) years vs. (54.1±13.2) years], had significantly more distant metastasis(36.8% vs. 23.8%), more peritoneal seeding(29.4% vs. 16.9%), and less radical resection(60.3% vs. 76.6%). There were no significant differences in 5-year survival rate between MGC and PDGC patients(29.4% vs. 35.5%). However, for tumors in the middle third of the stomach, the survival rate of MGC patients was lower than that of PDGC. Using a Cox proportional hazard ratio model, lymph node involvement and radical resection were independent prognostic factors for survival of MGC patients, while tumor invasion, lymph node involvement, and radical resection were associated with survival in patients with PDGC.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Although MGC and PDGC differ in age, frequencies of peritoneal seeding, distant metastasis, and rate of radical resection, overall survival is comparable.</p>

CT-guided needle biopsy through mandibular area for the diagnosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in the parapharyngeal space / 癌症

<p><b>BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE</b>The primary submucous type of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) or the recurrent NPC in the parapharyngeal space is difficult to be diagnosed histologically by conventional biopsy because of the obstruction of the surrounding structures. This study was performed to evaluate the needle biopsy approach through the madibular area into the parapharyngeal space under the guidance of computed tomography (CT) for NPC.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Between July 6, 2005 and October 23, 2009, a total of 6 patients were enrolled into the study. Two patients with cervical lymph node metastasis were clinically suspicious of NPC according to their clinical manifestations. However, no cancer cell could be found by repeated nasopharyngeal biopsies followed by histologic examinations. The other 4 patients were diagnosed with recurrent NPCs by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or/and positron emission tomography (PET)-CT scan, showing tumors in the parapharyngeal spaces in 3 patients and enlarged retropharyngeal lymph node in 1 patient. The CT-guided puncture was performed through the mandibular skin and the cutting needle biopsy was taken at the parapharyngeal space focus.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All the cutting needle biopsies of projected locations have been performed safely. Finally, all the 7 specimens met the requirement of pathologic diagnosis and the cases were all confirmed histologically to be NPCs. The main complication was mild ache at the puncture point. No blood vessel or nerve was injured and no patient needed special treatment.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The CT-guided puncture biopsy of the parapharyngeal space through the mandibular area is simple and feasible. It can be an additional option for routine nasopharyngeal biopsy.</p>

The Regulation of ERK, GSK3beta and AKT after Acute Ethanol Exposure and Withdrawal in SH-SY5Y Human Neuroblastoma Cell-line / 신경정신의학

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to demonstrate the activities and phosphorylation changes induced by acute ethanol treatment and withdrawal conditions in the intracellular signal transduction molecules [such as extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), glycogen synthase kinase 3beta (GSK3beta), and Akt] of the SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cell line. METHODS: The acute treatment exposed SH-SY5Y cells to 100 mM ethanol, and we took samples 30 minutes, 60 minutes, and 24 hours after initiating this treatment. After 24 hours' continuous ethanol treatment, we initiated ethanol withdrawal, taking samples at 30 minutes and 60 minutes. We assayed the kinase phosphorylations via an immunoblot analysis using phosphorspecific antibodies, quantified by optical densitometry. RESULTS: Ethanol treatment induced a transient increase in phosphorylation of GSK3beta and Akt at 30 minutes but failed to change the phosphorylation level of ERK. Ethanol withdrawal induced a transient ERK phosphorylation increase at 30 minutes, but it had no effect on the phosphorylation of GSK3beta or Akt. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that the ethanol-induced cellular response includes the ERK, GSK3beta, and Akt systems. In particular, the ERK pathway may play a role in the acute withdrawal response. This also suggests that a relatively short exposure to ethanol, such as the 24-hour exposure in this study, can induce functional adaptation within a cell.

Impact of width of hepatectomy margin on survival after simultaneous liver and colorectal resection for colorectal cancer liver metastasis / 中华胃肠外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To elucidate an adequate hepatectomy margin for simultaneous liver and colorectal resection in colorectal cancer liver metastasis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Clinical data of 39 patients, undergone simultaneous liver and colorectal resection for colorectal cancer liver metastasis from August 1994 to December 2004, were analyzed retrospectively. Two groups were divided according to the width of hepatectomy margin:less than 1 cm in group A, and equal or more than 1 cm in group B. The data were analyzed and compared between the 2 groups using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Log-rank test.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There were 14 patients in group A and 25 patients in group B. No significant differences in gender, age, primary tumor invasion, lymph node metastasis, the number, distribution and size of liver metastasis, duration and blood lose of surgery were found between two groups. The median survival time was 17 months in group A, and 37 months in group B, and the overall 5-year survival rate in group B was much better than that in group A (19.8% vs 0, P<0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Simultaneous liver and colorectal resection in colorectal cancer liver metastasis should be performed with a hepatectomy margin equal or more than 1 cm.</p>

Application of GORE-TEX Dual Mesh fixing into peritoneum in sigmoid-colostomy to prevent peristomal hernia / 中华胃肠外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of GORE-TEX Dual Mesh fixing into peritoneum in sigmoid-colostomy on the prevention of peristomal hernia.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sixty patients undergone sigmoid-colostomy from Jan. 2003 to Jan. 2005 in the first affiliated hospital of Sun Yat-sen University were selected and randomly divided into two groups. Patients received papillary sigmoid-colostomy through rectus abdominis and peritoneum in control group and GORE-TEX Dual Mesh fixing into peritoneum during sigmoid-colostomy in observation group. Complications and recurrence rate were recorded in follow-up period.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Peristomal hernia occurred in eight patients (8/30) in control group (26.7%), while no hernia happened in observation group (0/30).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>GORE-TEX Dual Mesh fixing into peritoneum in sigmoid-colostomy can prevent peristomal hernia.</p>

Prospective study of reconstructing pelvic floor with GORE-TEX Dual Mesh in abdominoperineal resection / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Mesh reconstruction has been proved to be an effective method in incisional hernia repairment. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of reconstructing the pelvic floor with the high-inlay expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) GORE-TEX Dual Mesh (WLGore And Associates, Flagstuff, USA) in abdominoperineal resection.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sixty patients who underwent abdominoperineal resection for rectal cancer were assigned to 2 groups. The pelvic peritoneum was closed by routine sutures in group 1 and reconstructed with ePTFE in group 2. Postoperative complications and related items were evaluated and the patients were followed up.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Time of confining to bed, bowel function recovery, fasting, and detaining drainage were significantly different between two groups (P < 0.05). In group 1, three patients developed bowel obstruction (10%), while no bowel obstruction was observed in group 2.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Reconstruction of the pelvic floor using ePTFE results in quicker postoperative recovery and could decrease the risk of postoperative intestinal obstruction.</p>

Evaluation of risk factors associated with local recurrence after radical resection of rectal carcinoma / 中华胃肠外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the risk factors of local recurrence after radical resection of rectal carcinoma.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Clinical and follow-up data of 535 patients with rectal carcinoma, received radical resection between August 1994 and July 2004 in our department, were reviewed retrospectively. The association of clinicopathological factors and local recurrence was analyzed using Log-rank test. Cox multiple variate analysis was conducted to determine the independent risk factors.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All the 535 rectal carcinoma patients underwent radical resections. Local recurrence occurred in 53 cases (9.9%), and distant metastasis co-occurred in 39 cases (7.3%). The time from the first operation to the recurrence was 4-54 months with a median of 12 months. The Log-rank test showed that the primary tumor site (P<0.01), differentiation(P<0.01), histological type(P=0.038), lymph node metastasis(P=0.023), Dukes staging(P=0.045), blood transfusion(P=0.001), and total mesorectum excision (TME)(P<0.001) were associated with the recurrence, but the operative style(P=0.908), invasive depth of primary tumor(P=0.735), massive pathological type(P=0.562), degree of surgeon(P=0.171) and post-operative chemotherapy (P=0.772) were not associated with the recurrence. Cox multiple variate analysis revealed that blood transfusion, primary tumor site, differentiation, lymph node metastasis, and TME principle were independent prognostic factors affecting local recurrence after radical resection of rectal cancer.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Blood transfusion, low position of tumor, poor differentiation, lymph node metastasis are the risk factors associated with local recurrence in rectal cancer. Application of TME principle is the key point to decrease the local recurrence rate.</p>

Role of silencing PRL-3 expression by miRNA interference in the growth of gastric cancer / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the role of silencing PRL-3 expression by miRNA interference in gastric cancer growth.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>RNA interference mediated by recombinant lentivirus expressing artificial PRL-3 miRNA was employed to knockdown PRL-3 expression in human SGC7901 gastric cancer cells. MTT assay and tumor implantation experiment were conducted to determine the role of PRL-3 in the proliferation of SGC7901 cells and the tumor growth.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Transfection of recombinant lentivirus expressing artificial PRL-3 miRNA significantly suppressed the proliferation of SGC7901 cells in vitro. The implanted tumor size of the PRL-3 transfection group was (1.92 +/- 0.18) cm3, significantly smaller than those in control groups [(4.74 +/- 0.39) cm3] (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Silencing of PRL-3 significantly suppressed the proliferation of SGC7901 cells and tumor growth in vivo. PRL-3 could be a potential therapeutic target in gastric cancer.</p>

Role of silencing phosphatase of regenerationg liver-3 expression by microRNA interference in the growth of gastric cancer / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Accumulated evidences demonstrate that phosphatase of regeneration liver-3 (PRL-3) is associated with metastasis of multiple tumor types, and has been validated as a potential therapeutic target for metastasis. High expression of PRL-3 was implicated in lymph node metastasis of gastric cancer. In the present study, we investigated the role of silencing PRL-3 expression by microRNA (miRNA) interference in gastric cancer growth.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>RNA interference, mediated by recombinant lentivirus expressing artificial PRL-3 miRNA, was employed to knockdown PRL-3 expression in human SGC7901 gastric cancer cells. MTT assay and tumor implantation experiment were conducted to determine the role of PRL-3 in the proliferation of SGC7901 cells and tumor growth.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Transfection of recombinant lentivirus expressing artificial PRL-3 miRNA significantly suppressed the proliferation of SGC7901 cells in vitro. The implanted tumor size of the PRL-3 transfection group was (1.92 +/- 0.18) cm(3), significantly smaller compared with controls (P < 0.001).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Knockdown of PRL-3 significantly suppressed the proliferation of SGC7901 cells in vitro and tumor growth in vivo. PRL-3 plays a key role in the growth of gastric cancer. PRL-3 should be considered as a potential therapeutic target.</p>

The development of an efficient rat hepatic cirrhosis model

INTRODUCTION: Applying clinical conditions to on experimental animals forto verifverifyingy the mechanism of disease and drug effects is crucial. Cirrhotic livers induced by Hepatitis B virus are frequent, and eEspecially in Korea where a great deal of more liver-related diseases occurs, cirrhotic livers induced by Hepatitis B virus are frequent, and, such viral-induced cirrhosis, and this often impedes other medical treatments. Therefore, creating a proper elucidating properly deriveding cirrhosis method in animal model to simulate the actual pathophysiology of cirrhosis can benefit future researches. AIMS: We wanted toTe testing various hypotheticalsized methods of inducing cirrhosis in animal models, and we wanted the model to have a with higher rate of reproducibility. METHOD: To induce cirrhotic liver, thioacetamide (Sigma, St. Louis, USA) wasis given either freely via oral intaken or it wasand injected into the peritoneal space ofn Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats. The SD rats wereare divided into four groups: the oOral intake gGroup 1 ((N=10, 0.03%, 13 weeks), the oOral intake gGroup 2 (N=20, 0.04%, 30 weeks), the iIntraperitoneal Injected gGroup 1 (N=10, 300mg/kg, 12 weeks (3 times per week for first 2 weeks, 2 times per week for next 10 weeks) and the iIntraperitoneal Injected gGroup 2 (N=20, 300mg/kg, 2 times per week for 16 weeks). The mMortality rate of the tested subjects is recorded, and a visual test of the livers is performed at the end of the experiment, a visual test of the livers is performed. Also, the extracted liver cells that were dyed with Trichrome are compared to evaluate the extent of the liver cirrhosis. RESULT: For theIn oral intake group 1, no loss of occurred until wWeek 13, and 5 of the SD rats (50%) showed signs of liver cirrhosis by the Trichrome dye test. However, the extent of cirrhosis greatly differed betweenfrom each of the subjects. ForIn the oral intakae group 2, no loss occurred until wWeek 30. 20 of the SD rat (100%) in this group possessed a cirrhotic liver. However, the weight of the cirrhoscirrhotic liversis differed from a minimum of 231g to a maximum of 770g. For theIn Injected Group 1, 4 tested subjects (40%) died between wWeeks 3 and 4; however, the rest of them survived and they all revealed a signs of cirrhosis. ForIn the iInjected Group 2, only 3 tested subjects (15%) died, and after wWeek 16, 17 survivors (100%) showed a signs of cirrhosis. CONCLUSION: The short-term oral administration of thioacetamide only induced a minimal amount of cirrhosis;, thus, a longer period of consumption is suggested. Injection of thioacetamide into the peritoneum resulted in higher death rate when thoacetamide wasis injected frequently. Therefore, selecting a proper method to create a cirrhotic liver, with considering the reproducibility, on cirrhotic liver, the survival rate of the experimental animals, and the length of the experiment, isare strongly suggested for creating an animal model of cirrhotic liverfor further experiments.